conditional probability
This term is used in the context of probability.
It’s associated with a dependent event, where the probability of a second event is affected by a first event.
For example, imagine that there are five apples in a bag – two red apples and three green apples. Every time an apple is taken from the bag, the probability of taking an apple of a specific colour changes, because the colour of the second apple depends on the colour of the first apple.
The probability of taking a red apple is . After taking one apple, the probability changes.
Therefore, next time:
• if a green apple was previously taken from the bag, then the probability of taking a red apple next time is
• if a red apple was previously taken from the bag, then the probability of taking a red apple next time is .